Reduced relative clauses 1. I saw the book. "The man [that I saw him yesterday] went home". CLAUSE: The poems which were written by Shakespeare are difficult to understand. The men working on the project come from India. They are also known as reduced adjective clauses. We use: who and whom for people; which for things; that for people or things. 1. This is a clause that generally modifies a noun or a noun phrase and is often introduced by a relative pronoun (which, that, who, whom, whose).A relative clause connects ideas by using pronouns that relate to something previously mentioned and allows the writer to combine two independent clauses into one sentence. There are two broad types of relative clauses in English. The present simple tense varies it's form depending on whether it is being used with the third person singular, other verbs, or the verb to be. Another variant, the REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSE, has no relative pronoun, and the verb is nonfinite: The man [living beside us] is ill (Compare: The man [who lives beside us]...) Nominal Relative Clauses. B. Need more practice? We can do this by omitting the subject pronoun and the form of “to be” that follows it. "The man [that I saw him yesterday] went home". The newspaper first reporting the incident is being sued. Note though that this will NOT include reducing relative clauses to propositional phrases, adjective phrases, or adjectives because when you do this you are creating a more simple sentence. 2. The man in the house is my father. © www.grammarwiz.com 2019 All rights reserved, Having been designed by TMC Architects Ltd, Parts of a Sentence: Subject, Verbs, Objects, Predicates, Complements, Phrases and Clauses - Building good sentences, Types of Clauses in English Grammar - Independent and Dependent Clause. Reducing relative clauses is difficult to understand. To do this you delete the relative pronoun and any auxiliary verbs if there are any, and use the present participle of the main verb. You may delete the relative pronoun and the be verb when: 1. they are followed by a prepositional phrase. Non-defining relative clauses: We don't use 'that' in non-defining relative clauses, so we need to use 'which' if the pronoun refers to a thing, and 'who' if it refers to a person. Any active tense can be changed to a present participle phrase e.g. People littering will have to pay a fine. Reduced relative clauses have also been used in studies of second-language acquisition, to compare how native speakers handled reduced relatives and how non-native speakers handle them. Relative clauses in advanced English are clauses that begin with the following relative pronouns. These sentences all need a passive clause. • The young man is a pilot. Reduced relative clauses. People given a second chance should be more careful . Participle Clauses Exercise 1 (Reduced Relative Clauses) Review participle clauses here. An example is the clause I saw in the English sentence "This is the man I saw." All of these have a specific purpose within the structure of a sentence. It modifies the noun boy. • The policeman who is angry is arresting the criminal who is stupid. The boy you don’t like much wants to talk to you. When he was a little boy, he was very naughty. Relative clauses are generally introduced by a relative pronoun, such as who, or which. • I would rather you carried the box that is heavy. Relative Clause. 1. Reduced Relative Clauses Reduced relative clauses exercise adapted from Life by National Geographic ID: 21250 Language: English School subject: English as a Second Language (ESL) Grade/level: Upper Intermediate / Advanced Age: 12+ Main content: Relative clauses Other contents: TOEFL grammar Non-defining relative clauses are composed of a relative pronoun, a verb, and optional other elements such as the subject or object of the verb. Most of the clauses are introduced by a relative pronoun who, which, where, whose, when and that. A reduced relative clause is a relative clause that is not marked by an explicit relative pronoun or complementizer such as who, which or that. PHRASE: The woman wearing a red skirt looks beautiful. Types of Reduced Relative Clauses Present Participle Phrases. If the relative clause has only an adjective and the verb to be within it, then the adjective can be placed before the noun, and the relative pronoun (and verb 'to be') can be deleted: If there is a verb other than the verb to be (usually sense verbs such as smell, look, feel, sound etc), then we reduce it to an adjective phrase: Reduced relative clauses can be used to make your writing more concise, so it is common to use them within formal or academic writing, though they can appear in any style of writing. (a) and (b) have the same meaning. we shorten it by omitting the pronoun and verb. We also use relative clauses to give more information about a person, thing or situation:. The building that is across from Robinson Hall A is the Fenwick Library.. If "To be" verb is used after a relative pronoun we can omit "Relative Pronoun + To be". They may add meaning, but if they are removed, the sentence will still function grammatically. Relative clauses are non-essential parts of a sentence. Uno Cards. Reduced Relative Clauses. 7. FOR EXAMPLE: CLAUSE: The woman who is wearing a red skirt looks beautiful. Sitemap, Gap Filling Exercise (Intermediate Level). 2. As the grammatically correct reduction of relative clauses is quite a difficult skill, it is something the examiner in the IELTS test will look out for when awarding a band 7 and above for grammatical range and accuracy. Share Your Results. You should read this post of mine first:— Relative clauses at a glance. Relative clauses: defining and non-defining - English Grammar Today - a reference to written and spoken English grammar and usage - Cambridge Dictionary The boy who / whom / that you don’t like much wants to talk to you. There are two kinds of relative clause: 1. The building across from Robinson Hall A is the Fenwick Library.. That’s … A reduced relative clause is a relative clause with the relative pronoun and the verb “be” omitted. B. Can you correct these 14 basic grammar mistakes. In this case we can move the past participle to before the modified noun. It is important to distinguish between them because it affects the choice of pronoun used to introduce the clause. It's possible to reduce a relative clause by simply using the prepositional phrase used in a relative clause with 'be'. Get more Perfect English Grammar with our courses. The adjective clause in (a) can be reduced to the adjective phrase in (b). Relative Clauses – Relative Clauses (Adjective Clauses) Tests category includes free online quizzes on relative clauses (adjective clauses) tests consisting of multiple choice questions with answers. A relative clause can be used to give additional information about a noun. This lesson explains the forms of the affirmative, negative and questions words. 1. Free to download and use in the classroom. We can do this with a participle phrase: Marilyn was the woman living in the flat underneath us at the time (= … who lived/was living in …) The clauses struck out of the agreement were all unimportant. we shorten it by omitting the pronoun and verb. She has never met the lecturer leading today’s seminar. Free to download and use in the classroom. We can formulate effective descriptive clauses for nouns which act in different positions of a sentence. Marie Curie is the woman that discovered radium. You then have a continuous passive participle phrase. Explain the Culture. For example, the sentence “the laptop that is on the desk” can be simplified to “the laptop on the desk” to make the relative clause a reduced relative clause. We often ‘reduce’ a relative clause, i.e. However, the relative pronoun may be ellipted: The video [you recommended] was terrific. Relative clauses tell us more about people and things: Lord Thompson, who is 76, has just retired. People who live in glass houses shouldn’t throw stones. 3. Unreduced forms of this relative clause would be "This is the man that I saw." 2. the main verb in the relative clause is progressive. (Clause … A variation on Battle for Japan. If the relative pronoun is followed by a prepositional phrase, then this can be reduced. Relative clauses don’t have to describe the subject of a main clause. Using Reduced Relative Clauses to Write Concisely. 3. the main verb in the relative clause is passive. You will then have formed a perfect active participle phrase: So in the above example, it emphasised that the hard studying took place before the best results. You may delete the relative pronoun (who, that, which) and the “ be ” verb when: 1. they are followed by a prepositional phrase. REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES 2. Note: In passive sentences or when the verb “to be” is the main verb of the sentence, we can omit the subject and be. This is the main distinction. 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